Scleroderma: A connective tissue disorder.Hypothyroidism: A low level of thyroid hormone can also cause abnormalities of the posterior tibial nerve that results in compression in the tarsal tunnel.Diabetes: This can lead to swelling of peripheral nerves including the posterior tibial nerve. ![]() Rheumatoid arthritis: This can cause bone and joint abnormalities.Systemic diseases can contribute to the development of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Specific causes include underlying conditions, trauma, a local mass, or varied anatomy. For example, abnormal swelling of the nerve or a structural abnormality can cause nerve compression by decreasing the amount of space in the tunnel. However, the ligament that forms the roof of the tunnel is strong and inelastic, so there is not a lot of extra room for error.Īny process that takes up space can lead to compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through the tunnel. Normally there is enough space in the tarsal tunnel for all of the structures that run through it. Blood vessels, tendons of muscles that act on the foot and toes, and the posterior tibial nerve travel through the tarsal tunnel. The roof of the tunnel is a tough ligament that stretches from the bump on the inner ankle (middle malleolus) to the heel. The "tunnel" in tarsal tunnel syndrome is located on the inner ankle. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is considered a rare disorder. ![]() Swelling: You may notice swelling below and behind the inner ankle.Muscle weakness: Strength of the foot and toes may be affected, and the muscles in the foot that are deprived of nerve stimulation will eventually shrink.Numbness is uncommon, but when it is present, the inability to feel parts of the foot and ankle can predispose you to injuries. Sensory changes: You may experience tingling and numbness in the same areas of the foot that are painful.Other symptoms that are less common include: Tender or palpitating: You may feel these sensations near the medial malleolus. ![]()
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